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Thursday, February 28, 2019

Journal of Occurrences

During the time that capital of Massachusetts was under seize and the British passs controlled the American colonies Samuel Adams took a stand and apply the journal of Occurrences to influence the recantation of the British soldier and start a revolution in colonial Boston by showing how media can play a speculative role and also influence hostel with propaganda. Samuel Adams was a writer and newspaper publisher of the journal of Occurrences also know as Journal of the propagation and Journal of Transactions in Boston. The Journal sprung up after the arrival of the British soldiers in the colonial town of Boston.Oliver Morton Dickerson compiler of A Journal of the clock in the book Boston under Military Rule points protrude the arrival of the British soldiers So we now behold Boston meet at a time of pro free-base peace, with ab come forward 14 ships of war, with springs on their cables, and their broadsides to the town (1). The initial approach of the British soldiers wo uld spark red flags in any colony especially if approached with war ships which would raise questions to why they argon actually there. As John K.Alexander author of American Revolution Politicians points pop As Adams predicted the soldiers caused more difficulties and tumults than they stopped (68). The mien of the soldiers and the many problems they caused provided Adams and his fellow Whigs robust material to fashion propaganda (Alexander 68). The first issue of the Journal appeared in the October 13 New-York Journal and covered the period from September 28 through October 2 (Alexander 68). There for after the New-York Journal had an installment of the Journal of Occurrences. Samuel Adam was a skillful writer so far before the Journals were produces but he used them as an opportunity to speak out against the soldiers and the British organisation as a whole. The Journal of Occurrences focused on the many grievances that grew out of the phalanx presence in Boston (Alexander 69) and William M. Fowler, Jr. author of Samuel Adams Radical prude point out in issue, dated 13 October 1768, the authors claimed that everything contained in its pages was purely fact (90). All of the events in the Journal lacked evidence or demonstration of the incident, while also never mentioning names, which in todays media would be considered unacceptable and most likely wouldnt be published. The first was the inestimable ham being done to the innocent citizens of Boston by horrifying soldiers (Fowler 91). There where claims of soldiers beating citizens in the streets a tradesman on his musical mode home had a thrust in the breast with a bayonet from a soldier (Fowler 91). On another occasion when a fellowship hearing the cries of two women in the night, who were rudely treated by soldiers, good-tried to come to their aid, he was knocked down with a musket and much wounded (Fowler 91). by and by claims from the north end of Boston bought chargers of rape against a soldier who escape (Fowler 91). This was tabloid journalism at its sensational best (Fowler 91). The second themes that were found in the Journal were the other agents of the king mainly the commissioners of the customs.During the colonial times it wasnt uncommon for political figures to use their power to get what they valued but they couldnt stop the Journal from being printed. With their near misdeed regal authority, the commissioners could act outside the normal structure of colonial government (Fowler 91). Not loathe to use their power to reward friends and punish enemies, the commissioners were an gentle target for the Journal (Fowler 91). Nearly every issue discredited twain of the law and the enforcement officials (Fowler 91). In the pages of the Journal Bostonians were always innocent the commissioners were always line of descentguilty (Fowler91). This media tactic helped influenced most of the colonial mickle regardless of whether it was true or not the Journals caught the attention of the common people. As Rodger Streitmetter author of Mightier than the Sword points out Adams conceived of what became Americas first systematic gathering and distributing of news- a precursor of todays Associated Press (10).The articles and issues of the Journal of Occurrences raised the tension amid citizens in Colonial Boston and soldiers in the British Army The descriptions of incorrect behavior by British troops became popular readings- as the blood pressure of the colonists continued to rise (Streitmetter12). Six months after the attitude toward the soldier grew so outrageous that even the British officials caved in and realized that the presence of four regiments were making things worst instead of helping. In August 1769 the British officials decided to withdraw the troops. Adams and his journalistic strategy had triumphed magnificently (Streitmetter13). The Journal of Occurrences whence ceased operation after It had produced some 300 individual entries one for apiece day during the ten months that British troops had been stationed in Boston (Streitmetter13). In our society today the media has a big input on our society as it did during the 18th century. The Journals were effective in ridding Boston of unwanted British soldiers and in gaining support for Adams and his radical notions (Streitmetter13). Its amazing that the people in colonial Boston never questioned the stories they read in the Journals but embraced them and took them for virtue without in solid proof of the account. Thou you would think truth would be considered a factor, propaganda and writing for the audience help the Journal of Occurrences influence colonial Boston society. As propaganda the Journal was a phenomenal success (Fowler 92). The document were produced in Boston and printed in New York. The stories of the Boston incidents were produced in paper such as the Pennsylvania Chronicles and was sent through all the colonies and even spread to th e London papers.All in all the Journals not only influenced the people in colonial Boston but when stories of the town were spread it influenced America. Bostonians were last and stoic citizens defiantly standing in defense of the rights of all Americans (Fowler 92). The Journal of Occurrences stories helped in the retraction of the British soldiers while giving the citizens of colonial Boston means to stand up and fight against the stationing of British soldiers in their city, boilers suit staging a revolution in Boston as well as showing how media along with propaganda could affect society.

Factors That Influence Communication Essay

There atomic number 18 different slipway that the environment ignore scratch communication. For example Noise A creaky environment can mean road works, loud music, and transportation. Setting Pictures, signs, decorations and ridiculous lighting can distract people which makes them lose focus. Time merging at the wrong m and phone calls at the wrong time can affect communication. Space Overcrowded places for example corridors, public transport, offices and stores can affect communication. Distance can also affect communication, if people are try to communicate and there is a gap between them it can originator a communication obstruction.BarriersThere are also lots of barriers that can affect communication. For example Types of communication difficult, complex or sensitive near communication between people is more or less sharing or transmitting information. For example, someone might want to know what number bus to catch, or they may ask for a drink. At times commun ication leave behind be complex. For example, a relative might want to know about funding arrangements for care. Communication about funding might involve a lot of complex information. It would be important to check what that relative already knew and whether or not they understood the information that was given.Cultural Influence elaboration refers to the customs, language, arts, common dietary habits and attire of a particular region. It also includes the well-read values, beliefs and behaviours common to a group of individuals. Culture and communication are inseparable. This way that culture can be a strong barrier to social communication between people of different cultures. Individuals from different cultural backgrounds much carry an attitude that their own culture is superior to that of others. This attitude hampers interpersonal communication between both individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds. Individuals who are ethnocentric in nature often are und er the word-painting that anyone who does not belong to their group is either strange or inferior. This percept also prevents healthy social and political communication between two groups.PowerPower is the ability to influence others and have strong moderation undercomplex circumstances. All interpersonal communication or interactions fall some form of power, which may be obvious or hidden. axiomatic power refers to people who occupy a higher position in business or government and have to communicate with their employees or subjects. plurality in power positions may exert their power on individuals who are not equally competent, and this inequality could act as a barrier to effective communication.

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Plot Analysis of a Rose for Emily

In this universe, nonhing is certain but conclusion and taxes. This reiterate by Benjamin Franklin is a mirror to Emilys story as it begins with her shoemakers last and then the ratifier is abruptly brought into the tax remission she real after the death of her mother. This inte soporing just confusing vignette is round a girl named Emily Grierson and her inconsiderate relation with the townspeople, a man she loved, bell ringer Baron, and her Father. For Readers of Faulkner, it is truly app bent that his stories do not follow the pattern of the stodgy beginning to the end of the story.This method of disorderly sequence of events along with the descriptive style tends to lead this story as if we are realistically pose in the town. It also keeps the indorser attentive for the upcoming rising accomplish present d wizout the story. This leaves the reader questioning or predicting the actual outcome, he/she interprets it well after all is being read. It is a southern chiv alric styled story, a tragic story told by an anonymous storyteller that speaks on behalf of the towns lot, but he/she is not related to the relay transmitter of the story, Emily.Emily doneout the story is perceived as an object to the reader quite an than a fictitious extension because her side of the story is not personally denotative by her. This type of narration grasps the readers level of curiosity as they are not given access into her perception about her life. In the story, both essential elements of life have been readily repeated throughout taxes and death . Death being the main theme was not accepted or comprehended by Emilys mindset. This story explains the taxes submission issues faced my Emily.The rest of the story revolves around hatred and death in Emilys disorderly life from which she was once guarded from the rest of the cruel domain. The story begins with the death of Miss Emily readers are presented to Miss Emilys fight and struggle, with her antagonist clock, through the situation she is living in. As it seems the protagonist, Emily tries to pause the time around her to but her loved ones, trying to avoid certainty, death, and thus fails to do so. Miss Emily carriage represents a past era, an era in which she masks her privacy in, declining the changing time being passed by.She was raised by her father that is why she was encapsulated by silence, unfitness to believe in reality and inability to happy life she was the termination of her environment. The most minute yet meaningful sentence described in the whole story is in Section II, So she vanquished them, horse and foot, mediocre as she had vanquished their fathers thirty years before about the whole tone. (Faulkner 22) . The use of the distinct article mentioned in the sentence abruptly brings about a thought of suspense. It merely shows that it was not just a smell but the smell.As brought by the narrator it is justified that the towns people were familiar of much(pr enominal) olfactory modality occurring in Emilys house before. The narrator grants a significance to the smell because the smell would had never put such an impact as an a smell would have. When Miss Emily refused to give her fathers dead body away, it started to decompose, spreading a pungent odor same odor was present once again. As for a reader it foreshadows events to come. The way Faulkner presented the story and designed the structure, interpersonal conflicts increased between Emily and the society.The town is just not a setting but is a consultation in the story. It is the setting of an old era that held tight to old beliefs and incorrupt value of the South. Social syllabus in the story holds great significance. Faulkner when describes the character Tobe, points out the status setting of that era. Tobe was disrespected and was considered a person with no values throughout. For example, Judge Stevens called him as, that nigger of hers (Faulkner, p. 22) showing racism prese nt during that time frame.They shame the minorities and disrespected their physical existence and complaisant status. People had pride over supernumerary ephemeral high standards that displayed discrimination and inequality. In the story as cited previously, well-disposed class was significant in demonstrating dehumanization of blacks but also demonstrating differences in the racy and the worthless. Miss Emily is judged for a having romance with a low class, poor citizen of that society, mark baron. The following sentence affiliates towns people response towards Emilys one and only intimate relationship with Homer. Poor Emily, the whispering began. Do you presuppose its really so? , they said to one another, (Faulkner, p. 23). The townspeople entangle pity upon her relationship with Homer, as in the eyes of the townspeople a barrier of status was set up, only the deserving or the enough ones were allowed. Homer was a labor whereas Miss Emily belonged to a respected rich fa mily. Distinguishing their class differences, Homer was way beyond Miss Emilys league, an control set in the eyes of the townspeople.Moreover secrets are kept throughout the story, plotted as such so they are left to the reader to discover them. For example, Faulkner uses the above-mentioned technique in the following line, so they were not surprised when the smell developed (Faulkner, p. 22). The prediction here is that the pungent yet familiar smell developed in Emilys house receivable to decaying of a dead body which for sure is kept as a secret until the end. Emilys further more surreptitious actions can be observed through the following lines said by the narrator, We did not tell apart she was crazy then.We believed she had to do that. We remembered all the young men her father had driven away, and we knew that with nothing left, she would have to cling to that which had robbed her, as people will (Faulkner, p. 22). The inter truth here is that Miss Emily was indeed crazy, and the upcoming horror is that she could be psychotic enough to repeat the same action, holding on to Homers dead body. Barrons fate is linked in this passage as Faulkner provides the reader with a hint of death.The themes of class, race and status are widespread throughout the story, Faulkner repeatedly addresses those themes. The town of Jefferson is isolated by race, extremely class and social status conscious people because people disliked and abhorred a women of a high class walking with a low social standing man. In closure A Rose for Emily is a trance short story of a lady who refuses to adopt the changing world and order of society around her. Her denial of certainty and death gives us an understanding of depth of emotions that a girl encounters throughout her life.It is felt that these broken actions would not have taken place if she was placed in a different time and setting. She gave us the impression of a silently killed character that was only physically living. E ven though we could not pass through her door we still encountered much information about how and why she was. Faulkner cleanly points out the broader ideas, including the complexities of northern and southern places at that time frame, complexities of an altering world order, disappearing lands of courtesy and nobility, and rigid social responsibilities of a women.

Econ 101

scotchs insertion economical questions arise bc we want more than than we rear end everywherehear. inability to satisfy want scarcity Incentives rewards t put on encourage action or penalties that caution action. Economics studies the allocation of scarce recourses among muckle Alfred marshell (1842-1924) shaped macro economics Joan robinson the main origin to study econ is to avoid being fooled by it deuce main parts A) Microeconomics studying the choice of individual decision makers. And how they move in market places B) macroeconomics how the all overall economic system performs. 2 big questions 1.What, how and for whom do substantiallys and operate get god? 2. When do choices made in self interestingness range with the accessible interest? Answer 1) what experts and run ar objects that people place and are produced to satisfy human wants how factors of employment. A) Land natural recourses. B) labour arrive at time & effort. quality of labour (human groovy). C) capital tools, equipment, machines, computers, buildings.. D) entrepreneurship human resource hat organizes the above. For whom who gets good services depends on the in exercises people earn. oLand=rent oLabour=wages oCapital=interest oEntrepreneurship=profitAnswer 2) We make choices in self interest oChoices you think are crush for you Choices that are best for society are said to be in the social interest oUses resources efficiently oDistri thoes goods fairly When does self-interest align with social interest? (important) Environmental issues Bad corporate responsibility The Economic port of thinking Choice under scarcity = consider offs Opportunity represent the highest regard asd alternative that you give up to get something. Choices at the mete We look at the tradeoffs at the margin Marginal service (MB) welfare from an additive increase in an drill.Marginal toll (MC) opportunity personify from an incremental increase in an body process. People respond to incentives MBMC= do more of an activity MB does slight of an activity Lesson 2 recap Economics oMicro oMacro 2 big question owhat, how, for whom oself interest vs social interest opportunity m hotshottary grade otrade-offs thinking at the margin Lesson 2 Water vs. diamonds Water essential but almost costless Diamonds not essential but truly costly What is foster? What gives things value? Labour theory of value the value of a commodity is proportional to the amount of labour that goes into it. Aband unmatchabled ex. cementum lifejacketEconomists think about value contraryly 1. the value of something is what youre voluntary to give up to get it. 2. Economists think about fringy value instead of total value. Water is plentiful= fringy value depleted Diamonds are scarce= marginal value high Positive and prescriptive put forwardments Positive statements of facts about observable data Normative statements about what ought to be. order judgments Ex. 20% of teens wood pussy Positive are you more likely to smoke if your parents do? Does living location affect likelihood of smoking? Are smoking rates different across education levels? Self report reasons for smoking Do termss affect smoking rates? Normative Kids shouldnt smoke Ca go for and resultant role Just because two things happen unneurotic doesnt blotto that one causes the some other. Ex ice cream sales & deaths by drowning Both related to temperature Economists try to unscramble cause and effect by building models. Model a purposeful simplification of the echt world. Ex paper airplane Simplification. Learn about aerodynamics, wind complex body part Cant learn about thrust, fuel capacity, engines Maps are models Sub steering chromosome mapping Lines Stops Doesnt show curves or turns Road map road names Turns/curves Sa classite photo Adds detailGraphs Reveal relationships among variables 3 main types 1. conviction series 2. Cross sectional 3. Scatter plots Lesson 3 Recap water/diamond s Value what youre departing to give up to get something Positive vs normative Cause & effect oModels Graphs in economics The Economic problem professional personduction possibilities frontier (ppf) Model focus on tradeoffs between 2 goods. (holding other goods constant) PPF shows boundary between what we dope produce and what is unachievable Building a PPF First good numbers Ex. X + 3=7 Second good actors line Our PPF for Xs & words EX. In textbook PFFs show marginal cost. opportunity cost of producing one more unit Preferences& marginal benefit your likes and dislikes marginal benefit what your willing to give up to get an additional unit of something what does MB look like? Principle the more you pay off of a good, the less youre willing to pay for an additional unit. Allocative efficiency $ up the unexpended side of graph, pizza across the bottom. MC is a positive incline, MB is a negative decline at pt Awe have allocative efficiency. We cant produce more of any one godd wi thout giving up some other good that we value more highly lesson 4 recap allocative efficiency (MB=MC)Economic emersion isnt free 2 make factors Technological flip-flop oresearch and development Capital accumulation oDevote resources to production of capital Both require resources that could be used for current consumption Economic growth doesnt eli secondate scarcity Opportunity cost of growth is reduced current consumption yardbirdsuming outside your PPF. Gains from trade envisage if you produced everything you consume(Autarky) Producing one (or a few) goods and trading with others is called metier Gains from specialization come from exploiting comparative advantage Absolute Advantage More racy at somethingComparative Advantage Producing at a lower opportunity cost Ex textbook smoothie bar example On run on paper Liz lordly advantage in smoothies. And comparative advantage in smoothies Joe no absolute advantage but comparative advantage in salads Where does Comparative a dvantage come from? Over time people or countries can develop comparative advantage through repeated production. acquirement by doing (dynamic Comparative advantage) Economic Coordination? Who organizes all this? Centrally planned economy USSR, china Decentralized market system most countries Decentralized markets deposit on 4 institutionsON MIDTERM . Firms hire and organize factors of production 2. foodstuffs any arrangement that connects buyers and sellers 3. Property Rights social arrangements that govern ownership and use 4. Money any commodity or token that is generally pass judgment as a means of payment commercialises coordinate economic activity through legal injury adjustments. Lesson 5 requisite and proviso In a market system, economic coordination happens through worth adjustment Competitive markets some buyers and many sellers tolls determine the rate at which goods can be transfer Money monetary value number of dollars Relative wrong $price of one good rel ative to anotherEx coffee bean$2, gum$1 (Money), one coffee costs 2 gums want different than want To regard something you mustiness a. Want it b. Be able to afford it c. Plan to buy it legality of occupy holding everything else equal, the higher the price of the good the lower the measuring rod strikeed 2 effects cause this a. Income effect when price increases, your money doesnt buy as much b. Substitution effect when a price increases people substitute to purchasing other goods Ways of representing demand a. Demand schedule b. Demand curve When the price of this good changes we move along the demand curveChanges in Demand when things other than the price of the good change, the demand curve shifts. Things that shift demand Nature Quality Tastes/preferences Income Price of other goods oComplements consume these goods together (Ex. Shoes, always imply both) oSubstitutes consume one or the other Expected future prices Population return a upstanding supplies a good if it a . Has the resources and technology to produce it b. Can profit from producing it c. Plans to produce and sell it Law of fork out holding everything else equal, the higher the price of a good, the more is supplied The leave curveIN binder Example Changes in Supply Input prices Prices of related goods produced Expected future prices Number of suppliers applied science nature Lesson 6 Market labyrinthine sense Equilibrium a state where opposing forces balance apiece other consists of a market price and metre Changes in sense of rest (pg 74) 1. French fry demand 2. Market for cocaine 3. Market for kitchen sinks 4. Market for barrels of crude oil 5. Market for fresh orange juice Midterm exam review 20 multiple choice 2 in short answers Multiple choice charge 2points Short answers worth 10 Exam worth 60 Chapters 1-3 Ch 1 What is microeconomics Scarcity and tradeoffs What is value 2 big questions owhat how and for whom oself interest vs. social interest positive vs normative stat ements graphs in econ Ch 2 ppf and opportunity cost marginal benefit and marginal cost allocative efficiency growth specialization and trade absolute and comparative advantage economic coordination Ch3 demand curve (law of demand) causa along vs shifts of the demand curve factors that shift the demand curve supply curve (law of supply) movement along vs shifts of the supply curve factors that shift the supply curve equilibrium pg 74, 75 changes in equilibrium Lesson 7 October 11, 2011 mould demand 1. Demand schedule (table) 2. Demand curve (picture) 3. Demand equivalence Ex in notebook computer In general P=a-bQ. (a and b are some numbers) A vertical intercept B absolute value of slope simulation supply* 1. G 2. G 3. Modeling equilibrium At equilibrium price (P) quantity demanded equals quantity supplied Equilibrium quantity Q Ex finding equilibrium Demand p=800-2Q Supply P=cc+Q Make the right hand side of each equation equal 800-2Q=200+Q 600=3Q 200=Q Elasticity (Ch 4) Law of de mand when price increases quantity demanded falls This gives us direction Elasticity measures how much demand changes Ex Good X Price increases by 1$ Demand drops by 100 unts Good Y Price increases 200$ Demand drops by 1000 units Cant compare the 2 In order to compare goods we need a measure of responsiveness Price of cracking demand= % change in quantity demanded over % change in price Ex ticket price 21$- 9tickets/hr 19$-11 tickets/hr Find elasticity of demand 1. % change in quantity =change in Q =2/(over) 10 (from 9 to 11) over Average Q Fuck it. In notebook What does elasticity number mean? In notebook Lesson 8Elasticity of demand = % change in quantity demanded/ over % change in price If elasticity is 1 elastic Tuesday October 18, 2011 What affects elasticity? 1. Closeness of substitutes 2. Proportion of income spent on a good 3. epoch since price change Other Elasticities 1. Cross elasticity = %change in demand for x % change of price of good Y if X & Y are Substitutes posit ive Complements negative 2. Income elasticity = %change in demand %change in income bigger than 1 income elastic. As income increases demand increases a lot Between 0 &1 income inelastic. Income increases, demand increases by a littleNegative inferior good. Income increases, demand decreases Elasticity of Supply = % Change in quantity supplied % Change in price What affects supply elasticity? 1. Resources substitutions possibilities 2. Time frame for supply decisions competency and Equity (Ch5) Markets are one way of allocating goods Do they do a good job? A. Efficiency (do the goods go to those that value them the most? ) B. Fairness Ex. X pins how should we allocate them? 1. Contest 5 highest grades Ex sports, performance bonuses Pros May encourage effort Cons Goods may not go to those people that value them the most 2.First come, beginning serve first 5 people to show up get them Ex walk of life in clinics Pro People who value the good highly will line up early Con May get allo cated to those with a low opportunity cost of their time 3. Command System I decide who gets them Ex how tasks get allocated inside a firm Pro May work head when tasks/people are familiar and place well defined Con I cant tell who values the good the most 4. Lottery draw names from a hat. Ex. Dorm directions Pros Faireveryone gets an equal shot Cons No reason to expect that high value people will get the good 5. Majority rule voteEx, voting politicians Pro everyone gets an equal say Con special interest group 6. Personal characteristics If you have a embrown belt Ex. Relationships Pros may work if characteristic highly related to value people have for the good Cons discrimination 7. Force everybody fights Ex nonionized crime/war Cons strongest might not value the highest Pros Force can work well in the background oCourts can forcibly reallocate goods 8. Market Mechanism oWhoever is willing to pay the price gets the good Pros people who have high values are willing to pay more and are more likely to get itCons people might not have full money Tuesday October 18, 2011 Midterm 2 November 3 (Ch 4,5,6) Demand and supply Elasticity (ch 4) Efficiency and loveliness (ch 5) Obstacles to efficiency Price and quantity regulations (govt actions) Taxes and subsidies (govt actions) Externalities your actions impose costs or benefits on others Ex. Smoking. A person might take into study only their own in-person benefits and costs but ignore social costs. (second and smoke) OR. Pollution. Firm doesnt account for external social cost that its production creates. Public Goods A.Consumption by one person doesnt use up the good. B. Anyone can consume the good without paying Ex lighthouse people want to use these goods without paying. freeriding. These are usually under provided Monopoly a single firm sets the market price Price is higher, quantity is lower Fairness 1. Utilitarianism, (Jeremy bentham, John Stuart mill) The Greatest happiness for the greatest number peo ple are roughly the same the marginal value of money is lower when you have more of it Redistribute wealth to achieve equality (tax rich, subsidize poor) Problems A) levy income less income generation (work)B) taxing capital less capital produced (slower growth) C) costs in administering taxes (more fair but size of the pie shrinks) 2. Rawls theory of Justice Fairness of society judged by the well being of the person who is poorest (Equal shares of a small pie) may be worse than (unequal shares of a larger pie) 3. Fairness in Rules, not outcomes Emphasis on equality of opportunity Robert Nozick A. Strong private retention rights B. Private property should only be transferred through voluntary exchange Problems A. No room for redistribution after the fact B. No taxes or government since these arent voluntaryGovernment Actions in Markets (Ch 6) Price ceiling govt regulations that makes it illegal to charge a price higher than some specified level Set above equilibrium price= no eff ect Set below equilibrium price= Example in notebook smutty market Illegal market in which price is higher than price ceiling Graph in notebook Thursday October 27, 2011 20 m/c few short answer midterm review Note on demand on supply equations (end of ch 3) Elasticity (Ch 4) know how to calculate and know what it is Efficiency and equity (Ch 5) *consmer and producer surplus Government actions in markets (Ch 6) Price ceilings oPrice flooring oTaxes Price Floors Mandatory minimum price Ex. Minimum wage Graph in notebook Unemployment increases search costs More power to firms in hiring decisions Black markets oEx. Illegal labour markets where people are stipendiary below the min wage oIn notebook Taxes When the government taxes a good the price paid by consumers and the price received by producers are now different Ex. Govt puts a $5 (per unit) tax on producers In notebook Tuesday November 1, 2011 Midterm Thursday Material 1. Note on demand and supply equations. (end of Ch 3) 2. Ela sticity (Ch4) Price elasticity Elasticity and total revenue (figure 4. 5 in text) Cross elasticity and income elasticity Supply elasticity 3. Efficiency and equity (Ch 5) Alternative allocation methods Consumer and producer surplus Efficiency of equilibrium fairness 4. Government Actions (Ch 6) Price ceilings Price floors Taxes Tuesday November 14, 2011 Global Markets Many of the goods and services you consume arent produced in Canada Ex. Iphones (all over), clothes (china), tech support (india) reveal of the globalization process oImports goods we buy from other countries oExports goods we sell to other countriesGlobal Imports Exports in 2008 =$35 trillion Canada exports $535 billion. Agriculture, forestry, energy, mining, machinery, automotive, aircraft Imports $503 billion In binder example Tariffs a tax imposed by the importing country on goods that come from another country Arguments for protection 1. Infant industry Argument We need to protect domestic industries when they st art so that they can mature enough to compete on world markets. Develop comparative advantage Everyone can argue this 2. Barriers to trade to protect jobs. Trade costs jobs There isnt a fixed number of jobs Trade also creates jobs

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Translation of Narendranath Mitra’s Short Story

HEROINE handler Animesh Chaudhury came to Chitpur to compact a contract with Malati M exclusivelyik. He got an excellent opportunity to make his own film. Earlier Animesh was an assistant director. The producer, Boikuntha Poddar was a miser per boy. He gave unaccompanied eighty- quintuple thousands and demilitary personnelded for a good movie. It was a gain eat voice for Animesh. He had to view this, as he was a refreshing filmmaker. However, he k red-hot that he has to spend near of ab break one lakh. He needed to work hard to keep ahead. He did almost all the whole works by his own presence. From the initial stage he ran here and there, he gave hard cartridge h aginger in almost every part of the work.Malati was non so famous in acting, yet she had to play a baby bird character. The bunch was petty that was the grounds she was given that role. She had to play the role of a married woman of a worthless husband, a m several(prenominal) former(a) of a hungry son etc . merely, Animesh did non bulge out Malati, scour after the even out at her internal. The servant Khantamoni give tongue to, She has gone outside with Babu*. Should I say almostthing to her? Animesh gave a name card to her with pale face. That whole evening was spoilt. Vinoy Chakroborty, lived at Joy Mitra Street, was an old friend of Animesh.Animesh used to visit his house frequently. His wife Labonno, offered him tea, coffee, including other delicious food. Animesh as well gave them tickets of some new movies. He did non go there for a long time, as he was sort of busy with his new direction and after returning from Malatis house, he decided to go there to make himself free from these burdens for the moment. At to the lowest degree he would enjoy their comp whatsoever. He entered in a narrow gali*, where Vinoy lived in an old broken house. He was poor he did non get both good job though he bore a good qualification.Animesh enjoyed their comp each, as they were very unreserved. He could feel a simple generous affection from them, which he did non get from that miser open city. roughly loud arguments were going on inside the house. It was stopped by the sounds of cuff at the door. Vinoy came, Who is it? Animesh called him by his name thus Vinoy could clear him. He undefended the door and asked him to nonplus in. more everywhere Animesh did not get that warm encounter which he usually got. He entered in the means. After entering into the counseling of life, he found nothing organized. Everything was misplaced.The shirt was tasting the dust on the floor, some paddy corn made the floor golden, the broken mirror on the floor was reflecting lights here and there etc. Labonno was silent and sad. Animesh got everything from the situation. A fewer minutes bottom the tornedo of anger came and ruined the decoration of the room. Vinod gave a tin groundwork to sit. Animesh tell, I weigh I countenance disturbed you. It was in climax, I c an guess all these from the unorganized situation of the room. Vinoy offered cig artte, both of them illume the cig atomic number 18tte. I am fed up with my deal outer. I was not witting of such problematic situations of family life.Feature Article The Plane of the Sleeping beaut AnalysisWhich couple does not gather in sons or daughter? Whose son or daughter dose not suffers from disease? A father unendingly does his best. I also did, simply I have limitation,- Vinoy say with a sad voice. Labonno was silent precisely listening to the oral communication she shouted, My son would have died due to typhoid. None apprehension that he depart be alive. She pulled that elflike male child in advance Animesh and verbalise in sad tone, Look at my little son. Does he look like a normal boy? He can not walk properly, even he does not get proper energy in his left field leg. I went to mend, he advised to fed him well.If he is feed well he will be recovered soon. That is wheref ore I asked him to bring ovate tine. entirely I did not know that a father can sway like this with an unfortunate sons drive. At the meantime, the boy started crying. by chance he felt pain in his leg. Labonno took him in her lap and said, My sona* Do not cry Your uncle will condemn you. Do you know your uncle is a good photographer. He will look at your photos. Animesh, you have to take a good photo of my Bintu. Labonno smiled. That unexpected smile attracted Animesh. She was fair, tall and possessed a sharp nose.She bore a different kind of dessert in her face. She was nearly twenty-four. however, her body was much more attractive than her face. Poverty could not loot her attractive beauty. Animesh was gazing at her and by observing this Labonno lowered her face and asked, You have totally forgotten us. Why not, after all you have be love a busy director. Nothing like that baudi*-He answered with a smile. It is not get Vinoy. You should take care of Bintu. Why did not y ou bring Oval tine for him? -He asked Vinoy. Why did not you bring It was not only Oval tine barely the other commodities also.You know, it is the last week of this month. I get only lxx rupees per month. I am not careless father notwithstanding I can not. - Vinoy answered with tempted voice. Few seconds everything was silence simply suddenly Vinoy strangely laughed and said, If she deprivation more to take care of her son, she could have got son from a comp permite man, not from a clerk. Listen to his vulgar words-Labonno said. Animesh snubbed at him, Do not speak rubbish Where did you learn such vulgar words? Vinoy remained silent. Animesh was looking at him with compassion. He was not more than thirty just he was looking like a man of forty. Have you managed any part time job? -Animesh curiously asked. The answer came in negative. Labonno took out two cups, sugar and tealeaves from the selves and went out through the patronise door. The little boy hobbled towards the pa y back. Vinoy steady downly said, You have become director now, if you can give me any short role. Animesh laughed at him and said, You want a role You can not even speak properly in the beginning any unknown person and you want to act. Then I have to give you the role of a dead soldier. Animesh looked at him after his mockery and said, How will you slay the off?A dead is always dead in real life and reel life. Labonno entered with a cup of tea and said, Now I think he is quarreling with you. He has become so grumbled in these solar days that he can not think anything just now quarreling. Taking the cup from Labonno, Animesh answered, genuinely he wants to act on screen. He would not be able to perform so unless if you try, you can. I am sure some(predicate) it. Do you wish baudi? Labonno laughed and said, Is it so? Then definitely I wish, after all you are the doirector. I am not joking. I am serious Vinoy. If you agree thence I can give a short role to her. -Animesh. Animesh explained everything regarding the need of that character. Vinoy was express feelings. What was wrong with that? In those days zamindar* women are also showing their interest in this profession. It was a very short role. Labonno had to be given a perfect role a role of a ghoulish son. They had to give only four or five shots. She did not even have to speak more. She had to meet with husband only once. Most of the sentiment would be with an old doctor. Bintu would also act before camera. She would be paid more than three hundred rupees for that short scene. trine hundredLabonno could not speak for a long time but Vinoy and Labonno were gaze at each other. She could pay all the dues which she took earlier for Bintus treatment, she could buy healthy food for him, new cloths she would give him also, she would open a bank account for her only son with twenty-five rupees. Labonno would buy new cloths for Vinoy to make him happy. At last, if Vinoy gave permission she would buy a new sari* for her. Although she knew, that Vinoy would buy a new saree for her. You are joking. - Labonno said. Animesh answered, I am serious baudi if you agree I can manage. Before leaving the house, he again requested Vinoy to think over it. Vinoy had to take concrete application before teno clock in the morning otherwise, Animesh would mark a contract with another person. He had already finished one-half of the movie and rest of it should be finished within forty-five days. He could not delay more. Labonno had agreed. -Vonoy brought the news in the early morning but he requested Animesh to change her name. Is it your wish or her? If she becomes famous then you have to regret for it,Animesh said with a smile. Malati had come to the studio apartment at the middle of the day. She was above thirty.She worn a multi coloured saree, her lips were filled with intercept colour, and tried to cover the black shed under the eyes with powder. You are late Miss Mallik. I have signed th e contract with the other person, Animesh surprisingly said. Malati also shockingly shouted, What You said me to come before twelve. entertainlook at your watch. She showed her wristwatch to Animesh. I have appointed a new person today in the morning, I was in a hurry. I have to start shooting from tomorrow morning. Apart from this, I think you are not perfect for this role of a buzz off Miss Mallik, Animesh calmly clarifies the things.But Malati tempted and shouted, A photographer became a director that is why he is not aware of acting talent. Do not freeze your position. I have walked over such irresponsible director passim my life. One swallow does not make a summer, mind it Animesh. Malati left the studio and then it seemed that a village got relief from the storm. Vinoy once came to studio with wife and son to show them how things happen. All were very curious about it. There was only one day in between, no time for rehearsal. Bintu was a golden discovered, as the directo r needed a diseased boy. Fortunately, he got it in real.Next day Animesh brought his friend, friends wife and son by his own car. Suddenly the director came across with Malati Mallik at the doorsteps of the studio. Animesh asked her the reason behind her sudden appearance in the studio, in a calm voice. I have come to meet your new star, Malati jealously looked at Labonno and said. Malati left the place after taunting him. Labonno asked Animesh, Who was this lady? Why was she staring at me like that? She is not an ordinary lady. She could take your position but I rest of it he did not express. Animesh had explained everything to producer.If Labonno could play the role then the producer had to pay less money and apart from this it would also be beneficial for promo of the movie, after all a daughter-in-law from honest family would act on screen with her own son. Laxmi* has appeared in my studio. How sweet her face is Take her to the recreation room,The producer Boikuntha babu* war mly welcomed her. The shot was ready. A lowered middle carve up family with a diseased son, he diseased son was lying on the old and dirty bed on the floor. Irresponsible father was somewhere enjoying with his friends. The doctor would not start his treatment if he was not paid.Nobody would be there to call the doctor. The mother had to come to son and she had to go to the windowpane to look for someone. She had only sect in her two wrists. There was necklace in sons neck. He was crying that was why the mother gave him to wear. Would she sequestrate that necklace from that sleepy sick son? Yes She had to. She stole golden necklace from sona came out from the home at stormy night to call the doctor. All these were the number 1 days take. Aimesh made her understand repeatedly. But Labonno could not. Her face reflected wonder but the shot needed extreme sorrow.She was feeling shy as the other person present in the studio was staring at the new actress. At last, Animesh said with irr itation, Where is the time to be shy? Your son is slimy from disease. Go and sit beside him. Repeatedly Animesh made her to understand but repeatedly she failed to do that. She could not perform the shot. A strange fear gripped her. She even could not look anybody, not even her diseased son. Animesh took her to the rest room and said, You could not baudi. Labonno lowered her face in repentance. Malati was sitting just beside the producer. She was laughing loudly to see the situation.The producer requested her to act that particular scene. She could not deny the producers request, however she demanded thousand rupees for that particular scene. She came back from the makeup room in ten minutes. She harshly asked Animesh, Where is your boy Mr. Director? There was no boy in the studio except Vinoys son. He agreed for benevolence. Is this your boy? What can I expect from a clumsy director like you? How can I be his mother? I would not even touch that boy, Miss Malati said in a high-p itched nasal voice. However, Malati acted that scene very well. Bintu started to cry but she managed it by giving him toys and paisa.Then she started to take care of that diseased boy. Her acting affect everyone. She did better than Animeshs direction. Dont mind Mr. Director, after all I am his present mother. I know better than you that how to take care of a son,Malati said with a light smile. She beauti in full acted that necklace scene How can I steal this from my own son? Then she started sobering. Boikuntha also became compassioned to see this scene. That scene would be the best possible wealth of that movie. Everyone had trustworthy that. Where is my check? , Malati spread her hands towards the producer.Animesh happily congratulated, I am unfeignedly satisfied with your acting Miss Malati. How could you act such scene so realistically? All this was because of jealousy Mr. Director. Hope you got to know that who is real mother and who is step, She said looking at Labonno an d left that place. Animesh wanted to leave them at their house but both Vinoy and Labonno disagreed by nodding their heads. Animesh inserted ten rupee note into Bintus pocket but Labonno did not take that and said his son, Pronam* your uncle and return that note little sweet heart*. That is worthless for you. Uncle would give you chocolate later on. I am juicy baudi. Why should you sorry Animesh? Labonno calmly said and left that studio. That movie ran well for four weeks after the release. It meant Animesh was successful in his first attempt. Everyone had congratulated him but only Vinoy did not come. Animesh thought that they were bashful for the last time that was why he came to friends house with two tickets. Health was degraded, clothes were more dirty and old, the room was emptier, and some of the furniture were missing in that room. However, Vinoy happily welcomed, Welcome Mr. Director. I thought you have forgotten us. I came to know you have acquire fame in that movie a lot, Labonno happily said. How can you taste the sweetness of the sweet from other experience? Take your tickets, watch that, and say whatever you want to say. You can criticize also, Giving the tickets Animesh said. Now his eyes on that naked diseased boy, he has become sicker. He was not fully recovered baudi? Again any disease He could not finish his talk, somebody knocked at the door and a heavy voice was culmination in. Vinoy looked at his wife and whispered, Shit Shit Who? Animesh asked. Vinoy again whispered, House owner, Govinda Pramanik.He has come for the rent. I do not have the money. This month I did not get the full salary. They have cut as I took some earlier. Then he said to Labonno to said that he was not in the house. Labonno once looked at Animesh. Vinoy said, Dont be shy before him. He is my childhood friend. Why should he believe you? He has listened to your voice, Labonno said calmly. Vinoy fully covered his body with a gown, laid on the bed, and said, g overn him that I am seriously ill. Labonno went out to face that man. An old man entered into the house with Labonno. He would be more than fifty, healthy, and had gray hair. What happened to you, Vinoybabu? Fever? The old man asked. Labonno said, No uncle He does not care normal disease. But he has vomited twenty five times from the last night. Govinda babu stepped back and said in wonder, Twenty-five times? What are you saying? Animesh could recognize the effect and a kind of real reflection was floating over Labonnos face for her husbands ill situation. Govinda babu said in tense, It is a very bad time. You have to take care of him properly bauma*. No relatives are here, crisis of money and above all this problem. He is the only person who earns in the family.I could not find any way that is why I called my uncle. Hope you have heard the name of doctor Madhu. Even he at first got nervous to see him. Labonno convey all these with a broken voice. She uncovered Vinoys face, c alled him, and gave the news of Govinda babus arrival. NoNobauma. Do not disturb him. let him take rest. I thought I would say him about the fare as it is already second month. I should not say today. I sent Binod but he did not get Vinoy. Govinda babu sadly said. Labonno replied that Vinoy himself would go to him and would pay his fare after his recovering. She also requested not to send Binod.He was schoolchild and he should not waste time. Labonno suddenly said Animesh, You know Animesh, Binod is a very good boy. He is calm and quite. Moreover he is an honest boy Animesh stammered, Yeeessss. That is right. At the time pointing the finger at Animesh, Labonno said, He is a great director, Animesh. Vinoys childhood friend. He has come to meet with Vinoy after getting the news of his serious illness. After sometimes Govinda babu got up and said, I have to leave today but if you please say him Definitely uncle, when he will be recovered, first of all I will send him to you.Please s it for a moment, let me bring a cup of tea for you, Labonno said with a smile. But Govinda babu disagreed and left the house. Leaving the gown on the bed Vinoy got up and said Animesh that he was also a good director. Animesh was silent for a long time but now he made himself clean and said, Yes, that is true but more credit goes to baudi. She does not need any director. Looking at Labonno he said, You are in no portion less than Malati Mallik. Why did you scare that day? Malati also would have scare in my place Animesh. She could not maintain all the things as I maintained.She is the actress of reel life but I am the heroine of real life. The indispensable tear came to witness the real situation of real heroines life. I do not know who was greater but I can say that for Malati it was a mere profession but to Labonno it was for survival. *** *Babu- A respectable person. *Gali- A narrow path. *Sona- A call from the mother to express affection. *Baudi- Sister-in-law. *Zamindar- ample and royal. *Saree- A cloth worn by women in India. *Pronam- A sign to show the respect to the elders in Hinduism. *Bauma- A affectionate call for daughter-in-law. - By, Eeshan Ali

Psychosis Portrayed in the Media

Imp wager of Medias Portrayal of Psychotic forbiddingness on viewing interview Introduction Psychotic throw out of kilters ar the more stern form of intellectual peaked(predicate)ness, particularly schizophrenia. Many multidimensional circumstanceors ready contributed to the cordial stigma of insane person cordial unsoundness, deeming it a social puzzle. According to Landsberg and Rock (2010), stigma and unlikeness restores policy and program response to the issue, causing limitations on our financing. As a result, on that point is a inadequacy of resources provided by macro and micro level systems for individuals battling with the sickness de s squeeze outdalize a recent shift in beau mondes perception.Programs such as National Alliance for the Mentally Ill and the Recoery Movement have been trying to increase public apprehension of the badness, advocate for government resources, and emphasize supportive net shapes such as family, fri prohibits, and intellectua l wellness providers ( rhythm, 2010). Unfortunately, the complexity of this illness and lack of thorough understanding continues to beef up and sustain the stigma. Additionally, individuals discharged into the community from institutions have non been well back up by micro-level services. As a result, homosexualy commit crimes and end up in jail.Landsberg and Rock (2010) entrap that many mischievously kindly ill patients ar in nursing homes, roofless aegiss, and jails because of unmet consumes. Community mental health centers have more patients than staff nates handle (Hertz, 2010). In spite of various attempts, the mental health system is comprised of programs that dont work, leaving many seriously ill individuals without right care (Landsberg and Rock, 2010, pg. 258). These full(a) ranges of factors contribute to viewing serious mental illness as a social task that is stigmatized as well. In foothold of social stigma, there are several(prenominal)(prenominal) misco nceptions.Hertz (2010) found that the public misperceives good deal with insane person illness as homicidal. The truth of research signalizes that these individuals are more ofttimes victims of crime perpetrated by early(a)s, or, tragically, by their profess hands (Hertz, 2010). Unfortunately, the daunting slip direction in which symptoms whitethorn manifest pr horizontalt large number from establishing any positivist associations with such illness. The media portrays psychotic disorders by means of different perspectives, finally s resultant sundry(a) messages to audiences about the nature and prospects of the illness.Landsberg and Rock (2010) stated that mental pictures oftentimes picture the mentally ill as violent, banly affecting our clubs willingness to ordain needed changes and fund programs. The characterizations A Beautiful pass, K-PAX, and The Soloist all(prenominal) portray a personality living with a psychotic disorder, particularly schizophrenic p sychosis, who in any case demonstrates medium and resilience in their struggles. The intent of this paper is to discuss characteristics of psychotic illness, dilettanteally analyze these movies and their message to audiences, and assess the true within their portrayals.Brief record of Mental Illness as a Social Problem at that place are conflicting ideologies in hurt of how to approach serious mental illness in the United States. While jolly adopt a survival of the fittest perspective and believe affected individuals shouldnt receive assistance, another(prenominal)s act as committed advocates for programs to service them. When looking at the recent account statement of mental health, several attempts at revolutionizing systems were made, and always seem to only part work. As a result, more systems that partially work were created.The 1950s with the 1970s emphasized inpatient infirmaryization for psychotic patients without much hazard for their self-government and self -empowerment. Solutions were very problem-focused, and patients received their treatment of insulin shock therapy. Socially, there seemed to be more emphasis on regarding any 1 with a psychotic illness as crazy, and therefore individual to stay away from. The deinstitutionalization movement in the 1970s and the creation of apportiond care was an attempt to steer away from position people away. As a result, many hospitals were shut down.The problem with this system was the lack of funds allocated towards community-based services. Now that the patients aloofness of stay at hospitals momentously decreased, patients have been discharged into the streets, and left to their own devices. While many have been receiving adequate services, many are not receiving proper care and result in committing crimes, engaging in other illegal activity, becoming homeless, or just functioning on a very low level. Hertz (2010) stated that the waiting lists for residual programs for the inveterate ment ally ill are months, if not geezerhood long.This implies the staggering measuring of people not receiving proper subsequentlycare. A true solution is even so to be receiveed. Background on Psychotic Disorders with an Emphasis on Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is currently affecting nearly 2. 5 million people living in the United States, and 29 million people oecumenic (Hertz, 2010). The typical beginning of this illness is during adolescence or early adulthood. Hertz (2010) account that the onset can be gradual, number iodineing with odd beliefs and mannerisms, while other onsets are acute with a sudden psychotic break.These research findings need the complexity in how symptoms manifest, and pose a challenge for practitioners to pinpoint and potentially diagnosis. There exists a social misconception regarding psychotic disorders. Psychotic symptoms may come out in disorders other than Schizophrenia, and the presence of psychotic symptoms doesnt necessarily indicate diagnosi s of Schizophrenia. Hertz (2010) stated that withdrawal from veritableity marks psychosis, containing deuce major symptoms delusions and hallucinations.Schizophrenia is particularly characterized as a thought disorder which builds on these symptoms to include impaired cognitive functioning such as loose associations of ideas/thoughts and disturbance of affect (Hertz, 2010, p. 285). There are several types of schizophrenia, and is delineate by positive and negative symptoms which indicate the existence or deficiency of functioning. Hepworth, Rooney, and Larsen (2010) found that positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and catatonic behavior.According to Hepworth, Rooney, and Larsen (2010), negative symptoms include flattened affect, restricted speech, and limited initiation of goal-directed behavior. The causes of psychotic disorders are at long last unknown, and many different theories emphasize different impart factors. According to Hertz (2010) , genetics, heredity, and neuro chemistry determine varying degrees of predisposition to developing psychosis. This research finding implies that environmental and social stressors play a component part as well. A Beautiful MindJohn Nash is the main character in A Beautiful Mind who is predominantly battling with the paranoid subtype of schizophrenia. The movie follows the emotional state of mathematician John Nash who is responsible for creating several ingenious theories such as game theory still used in economics to mean solar day. He attend Ivy League Princeton University in the 1940s after which he became a calculus professor at MIT five years later. move in love with one of his students, Mr. John Nash started a family and continued running(a) on theories and concepts as a product of his mastermind.Gradually throughout the year of Mr. Nashs academic and intellectual achievements, the movie directed attention to the display and effect of his psychotic illness. Several as pects of Mr. Nashs psychotic symptoms were envisioned through different characters and plot points. His college roommate Charles, Charless niece Marcee, and Department of Defense promoter William Parcher were three characters that were eventually revea take as part of his visual and auditory hallucinations. makeer Parcher also marked Mr.Nashs delusional thinking when he soak upd him to ruin a special code of their enemy at the Pentagon. Throughout the movie, viewers periodically see Mr. Nash involved with Parcher in various assignments that appeared prestigious and extremely intellectual. In the beginning of the movie, Charless character was designed for audiences to believe he was real, given the strong and realistic friendship that transpired between him and Mr. Nash. However, as the years went by and Marcee stayed the same age, Mr. Nash make outd she was a figment of his imagination.Mr. Nashs delusions have frame his family in danger on numerous occasions. He nearly allo wed his son to drown while bathing him, and accidentally knocked his wife Alicia over when agent Parcher told him to kill her. aft(prenominal) Alicia had enough of his behavior, she called the psychiatric hospital where he was admitted to receive insulin shock therapy, a common treatment for psychosis in the 1950s. After agreeing to take anti-psychotic medications, Mr. Nash was released from the hospital. Unfortunately, he ended up stockpiling the medication without aking them, resulting in relapse of his psychotic symptoms. Lesser and Pope (2010) stated that psychotropic medications are effective in ceasing or reducing psychotic symptoms but often have unpleasant side personal effects. Mr. Nashs detrimental side effects included reduction in intellectual abilities, and impairments to his descent with his wife. Ultimately, Mr. Nash has learned to manage his symptoms and live with his illness. The message this movie hopefully sends out to viewers is that serious mental illness can affect bright and well enlightened people, and that recovery is possible.Moreover, the movie encourages viewers to realize that even individuals with serious mental illness can excel in certain areas of life, if not arrival levels of genius. While the media, as previously stated, typically portrays individuals with mental illness as violent antagonists, Mr. Nash is portrayed as a protagonist despite his barmy violence during psychotic episodes. Viewers likely feel compassion for him and pauperization to see him win his battles. The movie accurately portrayed environmental stressors that may cause unpredictable emotional breakdowns.Mr. Nashs character was portrayed as getting frustrated and angry when he thought he couldnt fulfill the duties agent Parcher has assigned him. He was worried that the Russians are after him, and felt pressure to crack the code that neer existed. Moreover, when he was admitted to the hospital, he perceived doctors to be Russian spies, a reasonable port rayal of paranoid schizophrenia. Luckily, Mr. Nash trained himself to transcend his symptoms by acknowledging, followed by ignoring, their existence.While it has been stated that the real John Nash only experienced auditory hallucinations, A Beautiful Mind seemed to incorporate visual hallucinations for entertainment purposes, inaccurately portraying and exaggerating Mr. Nashs illness. However, accuracy was shown through the many psychotic breakdowns Mr. Nash experienced, demonstrating emotional and physical breakdowns. Although he put his wife and child in danger on numerous occasions, Alicia served as his main support system. Hertz (2010) stated that supportive networks are a critical variable in determining the quality of life of people with Schizophrenia.In fact, it is problematic that in this movie, Mr. Nash present more resilience and force than is realistically common in the United States for people with psychotic illness. not everyone has access to the kind of support he did given his prestigious condition as a mathematician. Additionally, he had the support of his loving wife who never abandoned him and seemed to be the main source of his resilience. K-PAX Prot is the main character in K-PAX who demonstrates delusional thinking as part of his psychosis. As previously discussed, he didnt necessarily have Schizophrenia.Prot was admitted to the hospital after claiming to be an stranger from a orbiter called K-PAX. As psychiatrist Mark Powell begins to treat Prot, he learns of his excelling intellect in the subject of astronomy. Stunned by this wisdom, Mark introduced Prot to some astro-physicists who were puzzled by his recollection of traveling from a different major planet by a means of light travel. Prot and Mikes relationship grew stronger with each treatment session, and Prot revealed his knowledge of life on planet K-PAX. Prot also had a positive influence on other patients in the hospital who believed he was from a different planet.Prot bega n to display erratic emotional breakdowns that were indicative of his psychosis. He had an episode during some of his sessions with Mark, as well as in front of Mikes family when he was invited over for dinner. Prot began to repeatedly summon that he is going back to planet K-PAX on July 27th. Mark started to shit connections between what sparkles lead to Prots hysteria. Additionally, he used regressive hypnosis to discover the significance of the date July 27th, suspecting he suffered from significant loss. He learned that Prot has essay suicide after his family was killed on July 27th.When that date finally came, Prot was found catatonic, and the ending of the movie was open to interpretation. This movie sends several messages to viewers. One of them includes the strong impact distress may have on individuals. Prot attempted suicide without achiever after his family was killed, marking the onset of his delusions. Hertz (2010) found that suicide attempts are a common and oft en overlooked occurrence within psychotic symptoms, and often occur during the first psychotic episode when the individual feels upset and out of control.His feelings of bewilderment were likely caused by seeing his family get killed, a realistic reaction to such a tragic occurrence. K-PAX hopefully teaches audiences to realize that many of the severely mentally ill individuals could have experienced significant loss in their lives that was out of their control, leading to their illness. There was nothing strong provided in the beginning of the movie which aroused sympathy for Prots character. It is arguable that audiences could have perceived all his discussions about travelling from another planet as him joking around with authorities.He wore black sunglasses, and seriously talk about life on another planet. However, as the movie showed several emotional breakdowns, it was evident that he has experienced significant psychological trauma of loss. Hertz (2010) stated that psychot ic symptoms are often triggered by a significant loss, and environmental stressors can trigger neuro chemical events in the brain. The movie accurately portrayed the concept of surrounding triggers. For instance, Prot was reminded of the tragedy when the sprinklers came on at Mikes house, causing flashbacks of his trauma.Assessing accuracy of his intense reaction is difficult, for, each individual reacts to triggers to varying degrees. His particular reaction involved crying and an show of deep sadness. The Soloist Nathaniel Ayres is the main character in The Soloist who is portrayed to struggle with paranoiac Schizophrenia as his psychotic disorder. The movie follows the life of Anthony Ayres, a man who became homeless as a result of his illness. Journalist Steve Lopez was desperately seeking material for a story to meet a deadline. One day he heard person playing the cello so attractively that he felt compelled to follow the music.As a result, he met a homeless man named Natha niel who claimed to have attended Julliard for his musical talents. Steve tested his playscript by calling the school, only to find out that Nathaniel has indeed attended Julliard, but has dropped out after his second year. Steve ended up constitution his story on Nathaniel. As their friendship progressed, Steve became more interested in Nathaniels safety, and wanted him to receive treatment. Flashbacks to the onset of Nathaniels Schizophrenia were portrayed to answer Steves questions as to why he is no long-range in Julliard and living in a shelter.In response to the create story, readers responded with sympathy, and one woman even sent Nathaniel a Cello. Eventually, Steve convinced Nathaniel to perform in front of an audience which triggered his auditory hallucinations. The end of the movie displayed Nathaniel chronic to struggle with his illness, but no longer living in a shelter, marking progress. His friendship with Steve and his music seem to help manage his symptoms, fit in to psychiatrists Steve has consulted with. In addition to serious mental illness, The Soloist portrays another social problem that is stigmatized homelessness.Hertz (2010) estimated that 60% of people with schizophrenia live in poverty, and 1 in 20 ends up homeless. The movie portrays Nathaniel as someone who has been opened to treatments such as medications and shock therapy, and doesnt want anything to do with them. It seemed as though he felt he belonged in a shelter as opposed to an apartment where his symptoms emerge. The message of this film is for audiences to realize that homeless people arent necessarily lazy, or cant get a job. Conversely, they may have suffered from symptoms which inevitably led to that lifestyle.Through flashbacks, Nathaniel was portrayed as a productive and gifted part of society who attended a prestigious musical institution, and tried to start his young adult life living in an apartment. Unfortunately, he was overpowered by his auditory hallucin ations, making him paranoid and scared. Hopefully audiences will reorient their mastermind and not disregard homeless individuals as those that havent worked arduous enough to attain a job and a place to live. virtually of them have truly been overpowered by persistent mental illness.In terms of accuracy, The Soloist fairly portrayed the possible impact of stressors in the environment that trigger psychotic episodes. For Nathaniel, the pressure of performing well in front of an audience triggered voices which led him to run away. Additionally, unless an individual is medicated, it is rare for psychotic symptoms to not emerge. In the movie, Nathaniel was not receiving treatment at the time he became friends with Steve, and it was shown through his inability to have coherent conversations with him. Furthermore, he was unable to hold on to an apartment, and even felt comforted by the city street noises.His physical demeanor was also unkempt and very colorful, reasonably displaying what someone with this disorder could potentially look like. Comparisons and Contrasts between Films There are several similarities and differences in the way media portrayed these characters suffering from serious mental illness. While the etiology, symptoms, and course of their disorders slightly differed, they all share a strong support system which provided them self-determination and potential for growth, similar to the goals of the Recovery Movement. Hertz (2010) stated that the presence of someone who believes in their recovery increase recovery rates.Mr. John Nash had the privilege of a supportive wife. Realistically, it may be an exception that an affected individual is a coveted professor with a family by his side assisting his struggles. Prot developed a relationship with his Psychiatrist. It is rare, if not unethical, for a patients psychiatrist to invite them into their home and introduce them to family members. More importantly, it seems rare for a psychiatrist to ra iment so much emotional effort into one particular case, in particular one that is middle aged and has been in the practice for so long.Nathaniel create a strong friendship with journalist Steve Lopez. Most severely mentally ill homeless individuals are not discovered by someone who decides to believe in them most, as previously discussed, are underserved and not receiving proper treatment and care. While the storylines were touching and enlightening, they are very rare. These situations seem to be an exception rather than the rule, making the character portrayals inaccurate in terms of exaggerating the levels of support. Another important similarity accurately portraying psychotic disorders is the fact that there is no known cure.None of the characters were cured by the end of the movie, but rather found their own ways of coping with symptoms. The ultimate message was moderately accurate when showing psychotic mental illness every single case should be viewed individually despite the one set of guidelines for diagnosis provided in the DSM-IV. Research has been clear about one thing psychotic disorders remain etiologically perplexing and challenging to treat (Hertz, 2010). As a result, it is fairly easy for media to play around with psychotic illness through characters, since there is ultimately no absolute truth to reference, and thereby deem inaccurate.Since symptoms are a product of the persons psyche, there seem to be no limits as to how creative psychotic symptoms and reactions may become. Interestingly, all three characters in the films are men. Research found that more men than women are given the diagnosis of a psychotic disorder (Hertz, 2010). Also, each movie emphasizes a different aspect of psychotic illness. A Beautiful Mind focuses on illness affecting a genius mind K-PAX signifies the impact of a traumatic loss, and The Soloist show how symptoms can lead to homelessness. ConclusionAccording to Lesser and Pope (2010), psychiatry critic Thomas Sz asz believed that the diagnosis of psychiatric illnesses was socially constructed, vary culture to culture, and is societys way of labeling individuals when their behavior breaks social rules. Nonetheless, the use of the DSM system prevails in the United States, and many individuals labeled under its guidelines are in need of services, reinforcing mental illness as a social problem. The deinstitutionalization movement in the 1970s as an attempt to serve the severely mentally ill has created a new array of social problems given the lack of bread and butter anticipated for these goals.Hertz (2010) presented that the sickest people in our society are mazed in the cracks as they are discharged from institutions to poor and inadequate aftercare. The media provides several portrayals of serious mental illness. The three movies chosen for discussion (A Beautiful Mind, K-PAX, and The Soloist) ultimately portray the strength and resilience possible even for the most seriously mentally ill individuals, when provided with emotional and social resources. Implicitly, hope is not lost, and Hertz (2010) proposed a solution to make a shift in our priorities making a commitment to even the most disturbed members of our society.As demonstrated in the three films, two of which were based on real life people and events, individuals with even the most serious of mental illness can show strength and resilience. References Berzoff, J. , Melano Flanagan, L. , & Hertz, P. (2008). Chapter 13 The psychoses, with a special emphasis on schizophrenia (pp. 281-310). Inside out and outside in Psychodynamic clinical theory and psychopathology in contemporary multicultural contexts (2nd ed. ). New York Jason Aronson. Hepworth, D. , Rooney, R. & Larsen, J. 2010). Chapter 9 opinion Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Environmental Factors. (pp. 199-226). Direct social work practice guess and skills (8th ed. ). pacific Grove, CA Brooks/Cole. Landsberg, G. , & Rock, M. (2010). Chapter 9 Mental Health. Social policy and social work The context of social work practice. New York, NY Pearson. Lesser, J. G. , & Pope, D. S. (2010). Chapter 17 chronic illness and disability. (pp. 437-464). Human Behavior in the Social Environment Theory and Practice. Boston Allyn and Bacon.

Monday, February 25, 2019

Human Environment Interaction Ccot Essay

-Much land is deforested and disrupted as baseball field and silver grey mining emerges. - refreshful crops from Americas ca procedures Indias population to rise almost double in size. -Columbian flip brings late crops to this region, allowing for the farmers of the region to exploit much of their land for duplicate crops.-American crops such as potatoes and corn increases population of the region. -Traders of the region utilize the monsoon winds in order to navigate across the Indian Ocean. -Silver mining causes deforestation and erosion.-Slaves in the region argon utilise to harvest and plant crops for agriculture.-Coastlines are leveled in order to increase change over the seas. -Deforestation occurs in large areas in order to make length for sugar crops.-Few ports and small passageways allowed for many robber raids on trading ships. -Animals brought to the region from Americas bring diseases that imprint life prediction and population growth. -Pollution increases aroun d the ports along the Red Sea.-European explorers utilize ocean currents and trade winds to move between the region and the Americas. -To prepare for the construction of Versailles, deforestation is practiced. -New crops from the New World are grown and harvested.-Large-scale silver mining occurs which causes deforestation. -Cattle and other domestic animals from other regions cause destruction of pastures by overgrazing. -Horses and other imported animals affect the lifestyles of many indigenous peoples.A. Silver mining occurs on a big scale.B. New crops are planted and harvested in all regions of the populace.C. New animals are introduced to divers(a) regions which cause new diseases to appear.Deforestation continues to occur to provide new space for development.Iron is still mined and utilized.Ocean winds and currents are used to move between continents via sea.-Traders of SE Asia used the monsoon winds to explore and trade. -Crops imported from various regions of the world m ade up a large portion of plain production in the region. -Deforestation for large-scale coarse production was carried out.A. Increased diamond and silver mining led to deforestation, soil poisoning, and erosion. The soil mining was increase because it allowed for the regions at the time to gain wealth easily.B. New crops were introduced to different regions of the world due to the Columbian Exchange. It was important because it allowed for more agricultural production and less(prenominal) starvation around the world.C. New animals that are introduced by the Columbian Exchange alter the lives of people around the world. These new animals are utilized for more efficient manual labor and leads to a more bulky agricultural yield as well as more wealth in certain regions.1. Deforestation was continued because new land was always involve for further development in many regions. The deforestation allowed regions to expand their space for agriculture and mining although it destroyed th e home of many plants and animals.2. The use of urge on never diminished because it is a key component for tool making, subdivision making and warfare. The mining and use of iron was very popular because it was abundant and very durable.3. The use of ocean winds and currents continued to be used in overseas travel as it allowed for traders and travelers to move around more efficiently. The use of these winds and currents allowed for more wealth to be accumulated as trade continued.

Wisdom, Morality, and Meditation

The Fourth horrible Truth is the dire Eightfold Path, which is also referred to as Magga. The Noble Eightfold Path fundamentally has three main separate Wisdom, devotion, and surmise. These three sections represent the eight sections of the Noble Eightfold Path. Wisdom is broken go through into h sensationst View and objurgate Intention. Next, morality consists of Right Speech, Right Action, and Right Livelihood. Finally, meditation consists of Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration. One may think that these eight parts must(prenominal) be followed in a specific order, however, all eight parts work mutually dependent of each some other.Right View is a part of Wisdom and, according to our class lectures, is the Middle Way amongst eternalism and nihilism the emptiness of all things. Right View distinguishes wholesome (beneficial) things from unhealthful (harmful) things. A few examples of unwholesome things from our class notes ar onslaught of susten ance beings, taking what is not given, sensual misconduct, lying speech, divisive speech (idol speech), crude speech, covetousness, and wrong view. The roots of unwholesomeness can be narrowed d throw to three things greed and desire, hatred and irritability, and ignorance and confusion.Thich Nhat Hanh describes the importance of Right View and what it is within chapter 9. Right View is recognizen as samyag drishti. TNH talks nearly how sets are planted within our bodies, and every peerless has them. I fantasy it was the coolest analogy when TNH taught of these sow ins within our bodies. It try outms ilk everyone has each kind of seed of all different traits, only if it depends on whether or not those seeds are watered within our bodies. He says If you animated in an environment where your seed of loyalty is watered, you will be a loyal person.But if your seed of betrayal is watered, you may betray even up those you love. Youll tonicity guilty astir(predicate) it, bu t if the seed of betrayal in you becomes strong, you may do it. (TNH, 51) This is such an amazing statement because I am a fairly strong believer that you are the product of your environment. close pile do whatever the status quo is in their neighborhood and rarely does anyone make a big jump to do something drastically different. I encounter standardized all people are created the same, at least mentally, and it is up to the upbringing to form how someone bends in tone.The reading of TNHs chapter 9 discussed how it is up to the individual to decide which seed grows more than others within ones body. In class we discussed how one can submit to keep the seed of anger, for example, from growing. It is up to the individual to essentially stunt the seed of angers growth when one feels any possibility of anger coming in. While pushing the feeling of anger away, one should savour to grow the seed of loving-kindness instead. Within my own life, I try to wait by the idea of kill ing people with kindness. This is my third stratum as RA here on St.Bonaventure and when I confront a situation, I try to always be as nice as possible. theres nothing better than when we are documenting a room for a violation, usually alcohol related, and being overly nice to them. They relieve oneself no idea how to handle the niceness in the situation. It just makes the situation so much better in the long run. Most people act very mad and rude to us when they are being attested and they dont expect us, the RAs, to be nice to them, but when we are nice to them and dont let their obscene hate words affect us, they dont know what to do.I feel like this could be a small example of growing my seed of kindness because I could get very angry about the students calling me hateful names for simply doing my job. Instead, I try to do what TNH state in Chapter 10, replace an unwholesome thought with a wholesome one by changing the peg, just as a carpenter replaces a rotten peg by hammer ing in a bare-assedborn one. (TNH, 62) In this example of my RA duties, I replace the unwholesome thought of harsh speech with loving-kindness, compassion, and clarity (education) to why the students are being documented.Discussing Morality, I read a part in which Kornfield was talking about his teacher, Maha Ghosananda (the Gandhi of Cambodia). Kornfield was telling how his teacher would teach the survivors of the 1975-88 genocide in Cambodia make outs of compassion and loving-kindness for their own loss and that of others. He said, You have disoriented so much. Now you know how precious everything is in this world. You must love again and let new things grow. (Kornfield, 81) This quote can be related to Right View, but more importantly the concept of compassion which is within Right Conduct or Morality.I absolutely love this quote because I feel like way too many people fulfil their keen lives for granted. I am sad to say that I am some clock estimable in that category o f people. I am always humbled so much when I meet someone who has endured a great quantity of pain, or those who have already had cancer and are the same duration as me. Right now, while at college I have both close friends who have already battled cancer and are now gage at college. It makes me feel like I should be so incredibly thankful for the life that I have been blessed with.Many times one can become attached to something that is not all that important. Meditation can resolve this. In chapter 12 of TNH, it talks about how we have become so efficient and able to talk to places on the other side of the planet, however, he also explains that people have a harder time with one-on-one interactions and speech nowadays. This is an example of becoming attached to technology instead of listening and speaking with people in person. When reading through Kornfields 24th chapter, I noticed the stories about Dipama Barua, one of the greatest meditators of the Theravada lineage.They to ld of how she lost two out of three of her young children to illness and lost her save due to a heart attack soon after. Most people would feel like there is no longer a reason out to live after something like that, and she was one of those people. However, after a year of lying in bed full of grief, she started doing meditation and then ultimately became a master of meditation. (Kornfield 382-384) Kornfield had gone to see Dipama and had such an encounterWhen he was leaving from eyesight her, she touched him and said a 10 atomic number 42 prayer in which he started to have a realization and see everything in a positive light. After this, he could not immobilize smiling at everything. (Kornfield 382-384) This encounter between Kornfield and Dipama reminds me of times that I feel like nothing can go right, but all it takes is seeing and talking to someone who you really like and respect. Then, after talking to this one person, you have a totally new positive outlook on life. Th is short story tells me that how you go through life is all about perspective.This halt in life represents a meditation. Sometimes one has to take a break from their busy lives and just reflect on their life and spirituality. When I have done this in the past, it feels so incredibly honor to just take a break from things and reflect on how great life is. When one is thinking about the Noble Eight-Fold Path, one has to toy with that all of the Rights link into each other. We need to be compassionate for others, practice loving-kindness, and embrace wisdom, morality, and meditation within our lives to better understand everything.

Sunday, February 24, 2019

How to Get Motivated Essay

penury is literally the desire to do things. Its the diversity between waking up before dawn to cram the pavement and lazing around the house all day. Its the crucial instalment in setting and attaining goalsand inquiry shows you can influence your own takes of need and self-control. So practice out what you want, power through the pain period, and pioneer being who you want to be.5 Keys to Unlock Your Creative MotivationMotivation is a some(prenominal) more complex process than just lacking to do something. When youre working on a creative work wind and the going gets tough, if youre not motivated enough, youll quit. And it always gets tough, whether youre a novelist, artist, musician, or even a creative entrepreneur. In my own research with highly experienced releasers, I found that motivators are often unite for beat out effect. Here, then, are 5 ways to raise your motivation level1. Increase the challenge of your project.Try something youve neer assumee before. When I interviewed bestselling novelist Diana Gabaldon, she told me that she in one case gave herself the challenge of writing a triple-nested flashback. For galore(postnominal) of us, concocting an ordinary flashback is challenge enough, scarcely those are a snap for her.2. Change your creative method for the excitant of a fresh approach. If you typically write with an outline, experiment not to. Or begin writing without an ending in mind. If you never write with a plan, see what happens if you plan ahead. Even if it doesnt work, youll take in something. Heres Wells Tower, author of a volume of mulct stories, E reallything Ravaged Everything Burned I can never coldly write a story it doesnt work. Ive tried it where I arrive at an outline, and Ill think this is going to be so easy, plainly when I sit down of course its not. You nourish to get into a state of autohypnosis and let the story be what it wants to be.3. Create from a polar point of view.Do you always write in fi rst-person? Do you never write in first-person point of view? Try the opposite. Or bring in something artistic from the point of view of the bicycle, or the car, or the dog or cat, or the new immigrant or the alien from outer space.4. Look deeper to fix your intrinsic motivation.Heres how poet Ralph Angel put it As overmuch as I hate to admit it, Ive learned in recent old age that writing, even more than some of the most significant relationships in my life, is where I am most in touch with myself, and, surpass case scenario, people I love die and my life goes on. that if anything took me away from the work, I would be separated somehow from myself.5. Forget approximately the goal and get down the fun.This is the most crucial key to entering flow. mould all thought of audience aside for the time being and find something pleasurable about what youre trying to create. If its not fun, figure out why not and throw it more engaging for yourself. in that locations nothing triv ial about fun, as Ive found in my talks with great creative individuals. Its one of the many motivators that bring them back to the work they do, day in and day out. The 3 Biggest Myths About Motivation That Wont Go Away honourable Write Down Your Goals, and Success is Guaranteed There is a story that motivational speakers/authors love to tell about the Yale Class of 1953.Researchers, so the story goes, asked graduating Yale seniors if they had limited goals they wanted to achieve in the future that they had written down. Twenty years later, the researchers found that the mere 3% of students who had specific, written goals were wealthier than the other 97% combined. Isnt that amazing? It would be if it were true, which it isnt. I wish it were that simple. To be fair, there is severalize that getting specific about what you want to achieve is really important. (Not a guaranteed road to fabulous wealth, but still important.) In other words, specificity is necessary, but its not near ly sufficient. Writing goals down is actually uncomplete it cant hurt, but theres also no hard evidence that writing per se does anything to help. erect Try to Do Your BestTelling someone, or yourself, to just do your best is believed to be a great motivator. It isnt. Theoretically, it encourages without putting on too much pressure. In reality, and rather ironically, it is more-or-less permission to be mediocre. Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, two renown organizational psychologists, slang spent several decades studying the difference between do your best goals and their antithesis specific and difficult goals. Evidence from more than 1,000 studies conducted by researchers across the terra firma shows that goals that not only spell out exactly what needs to be accomplished, but that also set the bar for achievement high, result in far superior performance than simply trying to do your best. Thats because more difficult goals cause you to, often unconsciously, increase your effort , focus and commitment to the goal, persist longer, and make better use of the most effective strategies. Just Visualize SuccessAdvocates of positive thinking are particularly social of this piece of advice. But visualizing success, particularly effortless success, is not just unaccommodating its a great way to set yourself up for failure. hardly a(prenominal) motivational gurus understand that theres an awfully big difference between believing you provide succeed, and believing you will succeed easily. practical(prenominal) optimists believe they will succeed, but also believe they have to make success happen through things like effort, careful planning, persistence, and choosing the right strategies. They dont shy away from thinking negative thoughts, like what obstacles will I face? and how will I deal with them? Unrealistic optimists, on the other hand, believe that success will happen to them, if they do very much and lots of visualizing. Recent research shows that this actually (and once again, ironically) serves to drain the very energy we need to reach our goals. People who spend too much time fantasizing about the wonderful future that awaits them dont have enough gas left in the tank to actually get there.

Revolution on British government and society Essay

It is non so often measures the events of 1688 that constitute a rotation as the subsequent changes in the typography that show a conversion in the nature and political theory of regime. T here(predicate) was no internal revolt, no civil fight and most pregnantly, the duration of William of Orange and his wife bloody shame to the English rear was authorised by a Convention, acting in lieu of fan tan in the absence of top executive throng II. and so it could be argued that this was non a r evolution at all, if James passing play is to be interpreted as his abdication.Contemporaries, keen to replace the unpopular, Catholic sovereign only ifterfly notwithstandingterfly with a man who was seen as a deliverer from popery and slavery, reasoned as such. In actual fact James never did lay off his claim to the throne. Fleeing London in the dead of night, he took with him The Great Seal, traditionally held by the monarch notwithstandingterfly and dropped it in the Tha mes and he burnt the writs that were to call afresh fan tan. He would later attempt to recapture his crown, rallying withstand in Ireland to prepare for an invasion that was to fail. scarce whether or not this dynastic change, make by those who, in theory, did not have the pronouncement to do so, is passable to deserve the title renewal, what cannot be denied is that this marks the end of the succession of the authoritative monarch. Williams Declaration of Rights, which was to become statute within a year, echoed Lockean ideas of sovereignty, funding a parliament that was to keep check on the authority of the monarch and protecting Rights and Liberties of the people. No King or Queen thereafter would be able to rule as James or Charles had done earlier them.In the days following the revolution a dodging of government working through the authority of the executive Privy Council and the ho using ups of manufacturers and commons, headed by the monarch soon evolved into a working body that formed the basis of what we lock up have for government today. By the 1720s the way Britain is ruled had been turned around, save the changes cannot be solely accredited to the events of 1688. When William invaded England he had European motives at heart. He was keen to avoid a union of France and England that would be a bane to the Protestants of the Northern and Germanic lands.He was aware of James unpopularity as a Catholic ruler of an overwhelmingly Protestant nation and he want to take advantage of this to try and win allies. He judge to happen upon with resistance and had prepared and army of troops, but James was deserted by the little support he had to begin with in the face of danger, eventually even by his closest advisors and his own sister. William toured England for four weeks, propagandising himself as a saviour from James evil counsellors, who had challenged the laws, liberties, customs and religion and precious to reanimate Catholicism.He ar rived in London and in the absence of the monarch the city was occupied and ordered by his Dutch soldiers while a finish could be reached. It is important to remember that William never independently laid all claim to the throne he had expected to meet resistance in England. He aimed to battle against what he saw as a Catholic threat, which he was careful to stress as being on the realm of James advisors and not the King himself, and although the impact that this revolution had was profound, it was not all part of a pre-ordained plan. What followed was an immediate crisis.The capital was under the order of international troops and the King had deserted. It forced the political nation to examine the constitution and find a solution. A Convention was called and a vote was interpreted to offer the throne to William and his wife Mary, daughter of the departed king on January 22nd 1689, only a month after James departure. It was a hasty political decision, pressure was felt by the p resence of Dutch troops, but there was also a Protestant fear of James gathering support and returning, or claims being laid for his infant son, whom he had taken with him.There was resistance, the House of Lords initially voted against the idea, feeling they had sworn an execration of loyalty to James, that he was nonoperational their king, and that such radical action was not right. A monarch is not elective. The theory was that the monarch was granted his authority form God and man was not to meddle with His choice. There was no support for a republic, with the feeling that a firm figurehead was unavoidable to maintain order and a deep attachment felt for hierarchy and patriarchy.Yet to instate a new monarch seemed in itself to mock the entirely principal of monarchy. Under pressure from the Commons and from William and Mary themselves and with no former(a) solution, the Lords were finally swayed, their stance weakened by internal disunity and mistrust. Interpretation of the finer details of the theory of monarchy and nuances of vocabulary played and important role in this unique revolution, which, on the whole, was met with popular support. William and Mary had been put on the throne as an alternative to James II. fan tan had granted them this privilege and they were impulsive to allow parliament a more active role in government. The revolution had been almost ad hoc and there was sparse new ideology to implement, the Convention drawn up by parliament was military forceively a reaction to the way in which some(prenominal) Charles II and James II had ruled and a call to protect the peoples past and indubitable rights. It was more of a written version of what was previously expected behaviour with little fundamental change to the relationship between legislative and executive forcefulnesss specified.But William had to accept this as a code of fare from his parliament, recognising that even if the monarch had popularity and capability, he needed to work through the legislative powers. The monarch was required to call parliament to session, but this would be needful as William was only granted a years revenue. Parliament had the authority to oversee all public expenditure and so the monarch would always be dependant on them. Changes to the structure of government took effect gradually during the years following the revolution, but from the start the role of parliament was augmented, which initiated subsequent developments.They met for much longer sessions than before 1688, enabling a capital deal more legislation to be passed, and allowing for Bills to be more soundly debated. Much of the legislation passed was still local or occasional in essence, such as permission to build a workhouse, but although this could be viewed as undermining the revolutionary nature of parliaments more vain brainy role, the fact that MPs were more available to take action on their electorates specific grievances, helped to ease the frictions between local and executive power as the nations political make-up was evolving.Although from a recent perspective these changes are viewed as progressing towards a more rational strategy of government, during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, people were often interested about social stability which they believed was at risk with so much legal development. It was a commonly held view that life should be still and predictable. People wanted to feel sure of their position, their income and their king and government.In an era where the poor always risked slipping into poverty after a blue harvest, increasing askment in foreign warfare and frequent changes in the government, questions were raised about the permanence of law, and whether Common Laws of liberty and property, viewed by many a(prenominal) as sacred, were at risk. But at court the belief that mature government was upheld by frequent parliament, against the weakness of individual MPs or encroachment by the monarch led to the Triennial Act of 1694, adjustment parliament to three years. Elections were held on average every two years and there were various amendments and contests in between.This Act was later replaced and the time elongated to seven years, the advisors to the king often too easily influenced elections proved dear(p) and short-lived parliaments. The Act shows parliament as uncertain of its own role, and is an role model of a developing government that was evolving along its own path in the years following the revolution, more caused by what the revolutions changes allowed earlier than what they intended. The development of the two key political parties, the Whigs and the Tories is another feature of this evolution of government.With three active parts to the government all being of equally weighted importance, and more frequent changes of personnel in parliament, there was more of a need than ever for politicians to associate themselves with a certain ideolo gy and for Lords and MPs to support each other to push through Bills. William himself wanted to remain above the level of fellowship, which he did, and indeed, there were members of parliament, more so in the House of Lords who chose to be independent and cast their vote on issues individually.But the solidarity of party was the most effective way of getting laws passed and King George himself, not many years later, was aligned with the Whigs, who although in the days of the revolution had been in favour of political progression, now came of as the monarchical party and there were suspicions of Jacobinism in the Tories. Religion was still a very important factor in politics, despite the Act of Toleration in 1689, which allowed non-Anglican Protestants to ramble allegiance to the throne.There was still a widely held belief that spiritual homogony was key to social stability, but it had been the clergy that had shown the most resistance to William taking the crown, and with no clea r heir in line for the throne the problem of succession and the possibility of a Jacobite up-rising prompted him, a Calvinist himself, to attempt to include Protestant minorities, especially those in Scotland and Ireland. Although the law did not make any elision for Catholics or Quakers, it did encourage a sense of tolerance that was benefited by both groups.The Quakers would be later allowed the right to practise in legalised meetinghouses, but Catholics still posed a threat, especially in Ireland, where the population was largely Catholic. aft(prenominal) the renewal, James had attempted to reclaim his throne, starting in Ireland, arranging support from France for the Catholic cause. But James lacked the leadership and resolve that he met in William when they met at battle in Derry and Enniskillen and he again escaped to France. The supposed bloodless revolution may have been so in England, but in both Ireland and Scotland the transition was not so smooth.Civil war in Ireland exhausted James supporters into defeat and in Scotland a serial of highland wars lasted around five months in 1691, which initially started as a Jacobite up rising. William found Scotland impossible to manage. Although not dominated by Catholics, it was not predominantly Anglican either and James had more support here because of his familys close ties with Scotland. In the years following the Revolution, Scotland was only reluctantly part of Britain.She had her own laws and traditions, presided over by a Scottish parliament in Edinburgh, which declared even further independence with the abolition of the Lord of Articles, further undermining control from Westminster and making Scotland appear more of a threat. William would not be able to exert his Royal will through Edinburgh. But following a bad harvest in 1695, with many end of hunger or fleeing to Ulster, Scotland realised the benefits of a closer union with England to involve herself in Englands efficient internal trade and l ucrative compound empire.The Act of union came into effect in 1707, dissolving the parliament in Edinburgh and instating peers and MPs from Scotland at Westminster. In England, the union provoked little reaction, but in Scotland it was bitterly opposed by many. Problems within Scotland were often a result of internal social divisions, most markedly between the highland clans and their more anglicised lowland neighbours, who had seen the union as a way to change Scotlands economy. The death of Queen Anne in 1714 proved a unwieldy start for the union.The question was raised of the possible succession of her Catholic fractional brother, but with the Act of Settlement from 1701 forbidding any non-Protestant to sit on the throne, the Crown was inherited by George I. He faced a Jacobite uprising within the year, but his reign is largely characterised as a time of peace and relative stability after the turbulent post-revolutionary years. The Glorious Revolution had seemed on the surface to be swift, decisive and painless, yet the principals of change that as Burke claimed justified it as a revolution took years to authentically take shape.By the time of King George the role of monarch had been dramatically reviewed, no longer seen as a ruler from God, but as a figure head for a nation governed by a system of parliament, which relied on the mutual dependency of the two houses and the executive to brave by a sense of appropriate behaviour. Queen Anne was the last to use the Royal veto, something much exploited by the monarchs before 1688, the workings of parliament and the Privy Council had become more regular and thorough and a system of party politics had developed.The characters of William, Anne and George, who all failed to immerse themselves in domestic affaires and the extraordinaire(postnominal) calibre of ministers at work during this time, perhaps eased the transition but it still remains that, while the revolution of 1688 had a profound and haunting im pact on British society and government, the relationship worked both ways. The unimaginative workings of British society and government were what moulded the developments after the revolution, developments that justified the glorious revolution to be called as such.